Ecological-safe and low-cost activated-bleaching earth: Preparation, characteristics, bleaching performance, and scale-up production

نویسندگان

چکیده

A high acidity extent, as a result of the activation process bleaching earth, is major drawback in production bleached-palm oil. The earth generates problems for equipment well product, which are economically disadvantageous. Addressing this pivotal issue manufacture, more environmentally friendly and efficient using thermal evaluated. Two types bentonite-bleaching collected from two different locations were used throughout study; that Pacitan Ponorogo, coded GS SS, respectively. effect proportion ratio to SS (1:4, 2:3, 3:2, 4:1), variations temperature (150, 250, 350 °C), performance investigated. Thermal-activation at 150 °C can efficiently activate without significant cation exchange capacity decrement. pilot-scale demonstrated prepared with 3:2 (coded M-03) could remove 96% ?-carotene crude palm oil; best among investigated samples also higher than commercial (only 85–90% removal). feasibility M-03 industrial scale was analyzed by scaling up on pilot scale. able be produced an fluidized-bed dryer; has been adapted producing factory located Madiun, Indonesia. Economic analysis payout time 2 years 10 months breakeven point 21.5%. This paper shows success bringing experimental results laboratory-scale into industrial-scale earth.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Cleaner Production

سال: 2021

ISSN: ['0959-6526', '1879-1786']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123793